Reef Ecosystem
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<fishfyi-glossary slug="reef-ecosystem"></fishfyi-glossary>Tanım
A complex underwater structure built primarily by corals that supports extraordinary biodiversity, housing over 25% of all marine fish species despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor.
Ayrıntılı Açıklama
Coral reefs are built by scleractinian (stony) corals secreting calcium carbonate skeletons in symbiosis with zooxanthellae algae that provide up to 90% of the coral's energy through photosynthesis. This relationship makes reefs extremely sensitive to water temperature — above 1–2 °C above normal summer maximums triggers bleaching (zooxanthellae expulsion) and potentially coral death. Reef fish show extreme trophic and spatial specialization: cleaner wrasses operate mutualistic cleaning stations; surgeonfish graze algae preventing reef overgrowth; groupers are apex predators structuring community composition. Bleaching events since the 1980s have degraded over half of the world's reefs.