Common Fish Diseases

## Ich (White Spot Disease)

Ich is the most common aquarium disease — white spots like grains of salt on fins and body. It is caused by the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and often triggered by stress or temperature drops. Treat by raising temperature to 30°C and adding aquarium salt or a copper-based medication.

## Fin Rot

Fin rot appears as ragged, deteriorating fins, often with a white edge. It is caused by bacterial infection, usually due to poor water quality. Improve water conditions immediately and treat with antibacterial medication if needed.

## Velvet

Velvet (Oodinium) creates a gold/rust dust-like coating on the skin. Fish may flash against objects and breathe rapidly. Darken the tank and treat with copper-based medication.

## Prevention

Quarantine new fish for 2-4 weeks before adding them to your main tank. Maintain stable water quality, avoid overcrowding, and reduce stress. Most diseases are triggered by poor conditions rather than introduced pathogens.