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Spawning

Definição

The process of releasing and fertilizing eggs in fish. Spawning behavior varies widely, from broadcast spawning in open water to elaborate nest-building on the substrate.

Explicação Detalhada

Broadcast (pelagic) spawning, used by most marine teleosts, releases millions of tiny buoyant eggs and sperm simultaneously into open water — maximizing dispersal but providing no parental care. At the other extreme, substrate-spawning species (cichlids, sticklebacks) prepare specific sites, lay adhesive eggs, and guard them actively. Mouthbrooding cichlids carry fertilized eggs and fry in the oral cavity for weeks. Environmental cues triggering spawning include temperature change, lunar cycles, rainfall, and photoperiod — cues that have been disrupted by climate change, causing population declines.

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