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Lateral Line

Definition

A sensory organ running along each side of a fish's body that detects vibrations and pressure changes in the surrounding water, allowing the fish to sense movement and navigate.

Detailed Explanation

The lateral line is a mechanosensory system composed of neuromasts — hair-cell receptor organs housed in canals beneath the skin or in surface pores. It detects low-frequency water movement (1–200 Hz), helping fish detect prey, avoid predators, navigate in dark or turbid water, and maintain position in schools. The canal lateral line detects water accelerations while the superficial neuromasts detect water velocity. Sharks and rays possess an analogous system called the ampullae of Lorenzini that additionally detects weak electric fields.

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